A healthy scalp supports healthy hair. Many common scalp problems cause itching, flaking or discomfort, and some can contribute to shedding. This guide covers the most common issues, typical treatments, and when to see a doctor.
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis
These cause flaking, itching and sometimes redness, and are linked to a yeast that lives on the skin. Over-the-counter shampoos containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide or salicylic acid are common first steps. See ketoconazole shampoo.
Scalp psoriasis
Psoriasis causes thicker, silvery, well-defined plaques that may extend past the hairline. It is a long-term condition and often needs prescription treatment from a dermatologist.
Contact dermatitis
A reaction to hair dye, fragrance or other product ingredients can cause itching, redness and burning. Stopping the trigger is key. Tell your provider if you react to a topical hair loss treatment, since the base ingredients can cause irritation.
Folliculitis
Inflamed or infected hair follicles appear as small red or pus-filled bumps. Mild cases may settle on their own; persistent or painful cases need a doctor.
Dry or oily scalp
Washing frequency, water temperature and product choice can help. Very hot water and harsh products can dry the scalp.
General scalp care
- Wash as often as your scalp needs; oily scalps may need more frequent washing.
- Choose gentle, fragrance-free products if you are sensitive.
- Avoid scratching, which damages skin and hair.
- Protect your scalp from sunburn, especially where hair is thin.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for scalp pain, pus, open sores, spreading rash, thick plaques, bald patches, or smooth shiny areas of hair loss that could signal scarring. See when to see a specialist.
Next step
If your scalp is healthy and you want a licensed provider to review gradual thinning, start your online consultation.
Prescription required for prescription treatment. A licensed provider decides whether treatment is appropriate. Individual results vary. Prescribed Essence currently serves patients in California, Colorado, Florida and New York.
